Issues#131 to #140 (March to July 1996)

NOTES FROM THE NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION MEETING
From: Adolf Ceska <aceska@freenet.victoria.bc.ca>

The  Annual Meeting of the Northwest Scientific Association took
place in Tacoma (Pacific Lutheran University) on March  20,  21,
and  22.  I  attended  sessions  on  "Rare Plants" and on "Puget
Through: Biodiversity of an Endangered  Ecoregion."  The  common
theme of both sessions was protection of rare taxa and vanishing
ecosystems.

I  was  delighted  to  see several projects that dealt with long
term monitoring of populations of rare plants. Several  speakers
stressed  the  need  for  making good collections of plants (see
notes below). Most speakers were concerned about  the  state  of
the  rare  plants  protection and about the political process of
the  so-called  "listing"  of  rare  plants.  Kathryn  Beck  and
Florence  Caplow  almost  lost  their battle with a faulty slide
projector, but astonished everybody by reporting new species  of
Lesquerella  and  Eriogonum and a new variety of Astragalus con-
juctus discovered in  the  Hanford  Nuclear  Reservation.  Their
report  also showed how difficult it is to get the legal protec-
tion for plants in peril (see a note on  the  rare  plant  group
below).

I  was surprised how many people knew about BEN and I was rather
embarrassed when they recognized me as  the  person  responsible
for  this  mischief.  By  the  way,  when  I  talked to Margaret
Willitts, a new  Washingtonian  originally  from  California,  I
forgot to ask her for her new e-mail address.

In  short,  the  Northwest  Scientific Association meeting was a
nice opportunity to meet old and  new  friends.  It  was  really
encouraging to see how many good botanical research projects are
being conducted in the Pacific Northwest.
(BEN # 131  24-March-1996)
------------------------------------------
DON'T FORGET TO COLLECT VOUCHER SPECIMENS
From: Wilf Schofield <wilfs@unixg.ubc.ca>

It  is  impossible  to  over-stress the importance of depositing
voucher specimens in a well-curated  herbarium.  Like  all  her-
barium  specimens,  these  should possess a label that gives the
pertinent information concerning the  source  of  the  specimen,
whether  collected from nature or cultivated. If cultivated, the
source of the culture should be given.

The essential significance of a  voucher  specimen  is  that  it
serves  as  a clear indication of the identity of the plant upon
which research was based. In the case of a misidentification (or
upon a change in the concept of a  taxon)  the  voucher  can  be
utilized  to  determine  the  true  identity  of the taxon. Even
relatively cautious scientists can make  errors  in  identifica-
tion.  Ecologists,  in particular, need to obtain well-collected
and documented specimens that vouch for the identity of a  taxon
upon  which research is based. If immature or otherwise puzzling
specimens are the only available plants in the study plots, more
complete specimens should be taken from areas outside the  plot.
Indeed,general  collections  should be made from the area of the
study that would serve as a reference for identity of  imperfect
specimens.  These  should  be  deposited  in an appropriate her-
barium. Vouchers  should  be  deposited  by  plant  geneticists,
cytologists,  phytochemists  and  physiologists.  Such  vouchers
serve not only the identity of the research taxa, but  can  lead
one  to  the locality from which the taxa were obtained, and the
research checked or enhanced. There have been regrettable publi-
cations that appear to have misidentified  the  research  taxon,
and  the  lack  of  a  voucher  makes it impossible to verify of
revise the identity. Such published research is, at best,  ques-
tionable.
(BEN # 131  24-March-1996)
------------------------------------------
ONCE MORE ON VOUCHER SPECIMENS
From: Weber William A <weberw@spot.Colorado.EDU>

One important thing about vouchers occurs to me, and that is the
establishment  of  firm  records of occurrence. With interest in
state and local floras, some people at least  are  beginning  to
realize  the  importance  of  herbarium  vouchers  for state and
county records. I have always been obsessed  with  this  problem
because  at  COLO there were very few or no vouchers for a great
many species that had been collected by expeditions  and  salted
away at Harvard and Philadelphia. A lot of my substance has been
used  up  in  rediscovering  these  plants  and in borrowing the
specimens, which are really vouchers,  from  the  early  expedi-
tions.  Check  lists,  I  feel, are fairly useless when they are
merely lists of names. I want to learn the basis for the record.
Another problem with vouchers is  the  proprietariness  of  her-
baria.  It  would  not  hurt  herbarium  ZZZZ  to  send the only
Colorado specimen to COLO, but it belongs to  ZZZZ  and  no  one
would ever let it go. I am perfectly willing to let a voucher go
to the herbarium for which it is most needed. Why shouldn't this
be a part of the unwritten code of ethics?

A persistent voucher problem is that my dear friend Askell Love,
in  his  Chromosome  Number  reports,  said that vouchers of his
counts would be either at Montreal, Winnipeg, or Boulder. Damned
few of them are at Boulder, and it  appears  that  the  Winnipeg
specimens  must  have been thrown out by some assistant eager to
clear up messes. Askell's Colorado vouchers are very  important,
because, unfortunately he accepted his students' identifications
of the specimens for which counts were made; some Astragali turn
out  to be Trifolium and so on! People constantly ask us whether
we have this or that voucher, and mostly we do not.
(BEN # 131  24-March-1996)
------------------------------------------
WASHINGTON RARE PLANT BOTANISTS

The motive:  To  bring  together  botanists  working  throughout
Washington.  Many  are  quite  isolated from other botanists and
from the academic world of plant taxonomy. Perhaps  there  is  a
way  to  educate  ourselves and share information to improve the
quality of our own fieldwork and of rare plant botany  generally
in Washington.

The   spirit:   An   informal   group  to  provide  support  and
information-sharing among rare  plant  and  field  botanists  in
Washington.  The  group  would  be  open  to  anyone  engaged in
fieldwork or rare plant conservation  work,  regardless  of  af-
filiation or employer.

For  more information contact: Florence Caplow (360-592-5062) or
Katy Beck (360-671-6913).
(BEN # 131  24-March-1996)
------------------------------------------
SEPARATION OF ELEOCHARIS OBTUSA AND ELEOCHARIS OVATA

Larson,  B.M.H.  &  P.M.  Catling.  1996.  The   separation   of
   Eleocharis  obtusa and Eleocharis ovata (Cyperaceae) in east-
   ern Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 74: 238-242.

Eleocharis engelmannii Steud., E. ovata (Roth) R. &  S.  and  E.
obtusa  (Willd.)  Schultes  of Eleocharis series Ovatae are dis-
tinctive in being CESPITOSE ANNUALS  with  smooth,  brown,  len-
ticular  achenes  and  differentiated tubercles. The southern E.
engelmanii is very rare and localized in eastern Canada [accord-
ing to  the  New  Jepson's  Manual  it  occurs  in  the  Pacific
Northwest from CA to WA]. It is distinctive because its tubercle
is  less than 1/3 as tall as wide, and although it is as wide as
the achene, it is depressed so that it is less than 1/4  of  the
achene  height.  This  species  may also be distinguished by its
short bristles that do not exceed the achene and  by  its  rela-
tively  long,  ellipsoid  spikelets.  Eleocharis  ovata  has two
stamens and the tubercle is less  than  2/3  the  width  of  the
achene  (tubercle  0.30  -  0.48  mm  wide when dry). Eleocharis
obtusa has three stamens and tubercle more than 2/3 the with  of
the achene (tubercle 0.52-0.83 mm wide when dry).
(BEN # 131  24-March-1996)
------------------------------------------
HOW TO GERMINATE PLANTS
From: "M. Richards" <richardsmte@sympatico.ca>

In reference to Norman C. Deno ( BEN # 129):
I  received  a postcard today announcing the First Supplement to
"Seed Germination Theory and Practice" It goes for US$15 at  the
address  given.  I  thought  you  might find this of use. - Mike
Richards

Ref.: Deno, N.C. 1993. Seed germination theory and practice. 2nd
   Edition. 242 p. Published and distributed by the author  [Dr.
   Norman  C.  Deno,  139  Lenor Drive, State College, PA 16801,
   USA].
(BEN # 131  24-March-1996)
------------------------------------------
THE CZECH GENIUS - JARA DA CIMRMAN - DISCOVERED IN SIBERIA
From: Jan Rehacek <jrehacek@MATH.GATECH.EDU> originally posted
  on Jara da Cimrman discussion list <JDC-L@EARN.CVUT.CZ>

[Jara  da  Cimrman  was a well known Czech genius and polyhistor
(cf. Sebanek,  J.  1991.  Ja,  Jara  Cimrman.  Zapadoceske  Nak-
ladatelstvi,  Pardubice  -  sic!).  Little  is  known  about his
botanical works, but his achievements in botany  and  vegetation
science  were  -  without  any  doubt - as important as in other
fields of arts and science his genius ever touched.  I  am  sure
that for instance the discovery of Rafflesia arnoldii in Central
Bohemia  (cf.  Ziva  24:  210-211.  1976) will be eventually at-
tributed to Jara da Cimrman. - AC]

Czech officials confirmed yesterday that the male body  found  a
week  ago in East Siberia belonged to the long lost Czech genius
Jara da Cimrman. Cimrman was positively identified by prof.  Jan
Ceplecha (born 1906) who was one of Cimrman's last pupils in the
North  Bohemian  village  Liptakov shortly before his mysterious
disappearance in 1914. No one is sure yet what  exactly  brought
Cimrman to Siberia, but some sources indicate that he might have
been  dragged  there by the Bolshevik Secret Police. Any conclu-
sions in this matter, however, would be premature at this time.

As we have already informed you,  the  appearance  of  the  body
itself  has  caused  a  great  deal of excitement throughout the
world, since according to Russian health authorities the body is
in a state of suspended animation and there is an  89.3%  chance
that  he  can  be  brought back to life. Since a little notebook
written in Czech was discovered in  his  pocket,  the  body  was
promptly  flown to Prague, where it now resides in the "Bulovka"
hospital. From then on, the eyes of the world's media have  been
riveted to Cimrman's fate and all the major networks are already
negotiating  with  the  Czech  government  for  the price of the
"interview of the century". So far it seems that the man who lay
frozen for more than 80 years will appear on a Larry  King  Live
special, broadcast from Prague.

As  a  gesture of solidarity, Japanese electronic firm Panasonic
shipped to Prague its giant  microwave  oven  with  a  specially
designed  slow  defrosting regime, while most of world's medical
schools are sending their best experts  there  to  assist  their
Czech  colleagues  in  what  is  supposed  to be one of the most
difficult tasks of modern medicine. Among the first to arrive in
"Bulovka" were  representatives  of  Kansas  University  Medical
Center,  Miyazaki  Medical  College, Yale Medical School and the
Rheumatology Department of the University of  Florida.  The  al-
ready  huge  interest  in  this  miracle  of modern medicine was
greatly amplified after it was disclosed that the  body  belongs
to Jara Cimrman, who is thought to have taken many revolutionary
inventions with him to his grave.

As  a  result of this disclosure, the stock market is now in its
most unstable position since the 1930s,  since  nobody  is  sure
which  technologies  will be deemed by Cimrman as viable for the
next century. Bill Gates is calling Cimrman's personal physician
Dr. Vrbsky every 5 minutes to  inquire  about  the  progress  of
Cimrman's  healing.  Industry  forecasters  projected that phone
calls to Prague will be the biggest item on  MicroSoft's  budget
this  year. Gates is primarily interested in Cimrman's operating
system "Appendix '98", which Cimrman devised in 1898 during  his
internship  in  Tanvald Municipal Hospital. Cimrman's system was
one of the fastest at the time, allowing doctors to  perform  up
to  5 operations per minute. At such a speed, of course, not all
of the operations were successful, which is probably the  reason
why Cimrman's system was later renamed to "Widows '99".

But  other  companies  are taking notice too. All the major cor-
porations  from  Silicon  Valley  are  moving   their   research
facilities to the Liptakov area, which is supposed to become the
future  hub  of  the  semiconductor industry. Representatives of
IBM, HP and Novell Inc. are trying to locate sites in  the  area
suitable  for  construction,  while  Silicon  Graphics  Inc. has
already started building its headquarters in nearby Tanvald.  It
is no wonder, because semiconductors were Cimrman's favorite toy
(before he invented the squirt gun).

The  officials  of the University of California decided today to
set up another campus  of  the  UC  system,  this  time  outside
California  in Liptakov, where Cimrman is supposed to reside. It
is well known that Cimrman is an ardent patriot and it  is  thus
very  unlikely  that  he'd  accept  a  position at Berkeley, Los
Angeles or Santa Barbara. As the  spokesman  of  the  University
told  the  press today: "Since Cimrman won't come to the UC, the
UC has to come to him." Because Cimrman's reputation is expected
to attract high quality research it is  possible,  that  in  the
future  the University of California at Liptakov will become one
of the top ranked US schools.

The chairman of the Board of Directors of the Nobel  Foundation,
Mr. Bengt Samuelsson, proposed yesterday that all the capital of
the  Foundation  be transferred to Cimrman's personal account at
"Zivnostenska Banka" in Prague. According to his report, all the
Nobel prizes from now on would go to Cimrman anyway, and  there-
fore  it  would  be technically much easier to just give him the
whole amount, rather than make complicated annual  transactions.
"With  Cimrman  alive,  it would be a farce to give the same man
all the prizes every year" he concluded. Other  members  of  the
Board pointed out, however, that Cimrman might perhaps choose to
give  some  pocket  money  to the outstanding researchers of his
choice. Mr. Samuelsson  expressed  hope,  that  this  allowance,
tentatively  called  "The Cimrman-Nobel Award" will continue the
spirit of Alfred Nobel's will.

The story unfolds as we print, so stay tuned...
(BEN # 132  1-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
BETA CAROTENE STUDY STOPPED
From: The Oregon Scientist, Spring 1996, page 8.

The 4,565 Oregonians  participating  in  the  Kaiser  Permanente
national  study  to  test the effectiveness of beta carotene and
vitamin A in reducing lung cancer have been told to stop  taking
the study vitamins after it was found that there are more deaths
among participants than among those taking inactive placebos.
(BEN # 132  1-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
WELCOME GREEN THUMBS
From: Times-Colonist [Victoria's daily newspaper] March 19, 1996

Greater  Victoria  councils should consider emulating a new Van-
couver parks board  policy  that  allows  community  gardens  in
parks, even if it means plowing up a bit of park lawn.

There are already allotment gardens in Greater Victoria, most on
provincial  land,  but demand has far outrstripped the number of
plots available. Last year, for example, there were as  many  as
40   names  on  the  waiting  list  for  the  James  Bay  Garden
Association's 30-plus lots, though the average is usually  about
15 names.

Although  association past-president Don McGregor said there are
some parks he personally wouldn't want to see touched, there are
others with little corners that would be perfect  for  community
gardens.

People  who  fear  that community gardens would detract from the
natural beauty of parks should visit the  allotment  gardens  in
the  area.  What they'll find are attractive, well-managed oases
of plenty that would enhance any park.
(BEN # 132  1-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
JIM POJAR AND ANDY MACKINNON WON BY CUTTING CORNERS
From: Dr. Rudolf Schmid's review in Taxon 45(1996): 159-161.

[Dr. Rudolf Schmid published  an  almost  three-page  review  of
three   plant  guides  for  the  Pacific  Northwest:  Pojar  and
MacKinnon's  "Plant  of  coastal  British   Columbia   including
Washington,  Oregon  & Alaska" (see BEN # 75), Lyons & Merilees'
"Trees,  shrubs  &  flowers  to  know  in  British  Columbia   &
Washington"  (BEN # 112), and Taylor & Douglas' "Mountain plants
of the Pacific Northwest: A field guide to  Washington,  western
British  Columbia,  and southeastern Alaska" (BEN # 110). In the
last paragraph of the  review  (abbreviated  here),  Dr.  Schmid
tries to select the best from the three guides. - AC]

"In  conclusion,  which  book  is  the best? It depends on one's
preference for words versus pictures, among other  factors,  for
instance,  the  rounded corners of Pojar & MacKinnon, which make
it better pocket or knapsack stuffer, or the old-fashioned charm
of Lyons & Merilees. Which would I have most? Well, I have  them
all, though if my life depend on it I'd take Lyons & Merilees or
especially  Pojar  &  MacKinnon.  On  the  other hand I like the
mountains better than the coast [i.e., Taylor  &  Douglas],  and
Lyons  &  Merilees is the sentimental favorite. All three works,
however, are most welcome and very inexpensive field  companions
to identify common plants of the area."
(BEN # 132  1-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
NEW BOOK FOR DILLETANTES AND EXPERTS ALIKE

Nuwer,  Hank.  1995. How to write like an expert about anything:
   bring a factual accuracy and the voice of authority  to  your
   writing.  Writer's  Digest  Books,  Cincinnati, OH [toll-free
   phone number: 1-800-289-0963] ISBN  0-8979-645-8  [hardcover]
   Price: US$ 17.99

This  is a useful book for all the dilletantes who want to sound
like experts. On the other hand, experts too will  have  to  buy
this  manual,  since  after  all the dilletantes will sound like
experts, the real experts will have a hard time  to  bring  "the
voice of authority" to their writing. I skimmed through the book
in  a  bookstore;  it's hard to find out if the author is a real
expert or just a dilletante. The only thing I am can  say  about
him is that he likes rhubarb.
(BEN # 132  1-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
ALL FOOLS' DAY EDITORIAL

Few  BENs  ago  I  asked  the readers to send me their favourite
laws, axioms, rules, dicta, or  principles  that  are  known  to
govern  our Mother Nature. I received only one answer that dealt
with a relationship between one animal, and one  plant  species,
and  I  had to drop the idea to publish a collection of "Laws of
Nature" in this special issue. I found that it is  difficult  to
fight  the  first Newton's law of motion that says: "A body con-
tinues in a state of rest or uniform motion in a  straight  line
unless  it  is  acted  upon by external forces." Please, send me
your favourites. I can post them in the Mothers'  Day  issue  of
BEN.  (Or  in  the  Fathers'  Day issue, if you believe that the
Mother Nature is actually a Father.)- AC
(BEN # 132  1-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
BOTANICAL EVENTS IN VICTORIA

April  14,  1996 (Sunday): Flower Appreciation Day. Guided walks
   at Thetis Lake Park at 1:00, 2:00, 3:00 and 4:00 p.m.

April 16, 1996 (Tuesday): Botany Night. Mike Ryan will  talk  on
   "British  Columbia  rare bryophytes." Swan Lake Nature House,
   7:30 p.m.

April 19 + 20, 1996 (Friday p.m. and Saturday): Vancouver Island
   Rock and Alpine Garden Society -  Spring  Show.  St.  Mary's,
   1701 Elgin Street, Oak Bay. Friday 2:00 - 9:00 p.m., Saturday
   10:00  a.m.  -  4:00  p.m.  Plant sale Saturday at 11:00 a.m.
   Admission $2.00.

April 20  +  21,  1996  (Saturday  and  Sunday):  Gardening  for
   Wildlife. Native plant gardening demonstration and sale. Swan
   Lake Nature Sanctuary, 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.

April 27, 1996 (Saturday): Native Plant Garden Tour. Self-guided
   tour  through  eleven  Victoria  gardens  that feature native
   plants and low water use. 10:00 a.m.  to  4:00  p.m.  Tickets
   $5.00,  available  in  major  bookstores  and garden centres.
   Organized by the Native Plants Study Group  of  the  Victoria
   Horticultural Society. Call 598-2909 or 598-5329, if you need
   more information.
(BEN # 133  9-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY IN SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA
From: Mary Stensvold <ping@ptialaska.net>

Jeff  McKinney of Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri
is studying ethnobotany in southeastern Alaska. He has  been  in
southeastern since March 1995, and is working in both Hoonah and
Sitka.  His  research focuses on the medicinal uses of plants by
the Tlingit people. He can be reached at Box 6465, Sitka, Alaska
99835, or at: mckinney@wustlb.wustl.edu.
(BEN # 133  9-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
APRIL 2 -- TODAY IN THE HISTORICAL SCIENCES
From: DARWIN@steffi.uncg.edu originally on
    darwin-l@ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu

APRIL 2, 1747: JOHANN JACOB DILLENIUS dies at  Oxford,  England,
after  an attack of apoplexy. Born in Germany in 1687, Dillenius
studied medicine at Giessen and was eventually appointed  doctor
to  the  town.  His  interest  in botany won him election to the
Caesare Leopoldina-Carolina Academia Naturae  Curiosum,  and  he
soon  published a flora of the region around Giessen, "Catalogus
plantarum circa Gissam sponte nascentium"  (Frankfurt  am  Main,
1718). Because Dillenius was critical of Bachmann, whose botani-
cal  system  was  then  popular, he did not find favor in German
systematic circles, and he emigrated to England in 1721  at  the
invitation  of  William  Sherard, who hired Dillenius to work on
his botanical encyclopedia. In England Dillenius was  elected  a
fellow of the Royal Society, and in 1724 he oversaw the publica-
tion  of  the  final  edition of John Ray's "Synopsis plantarum"
(London, 1724). He played host to  Linnaeus  in  1736  when  the
Swedish   botanist   visited  Oxford,  and  published  "Historia
muscorum", an influential study of the cryptogams, in 1741.  His
herbarium will be preserved in the collections of Oxford Univer-
sity.

[Today  in  the Historical Sciences is a feature of Darwin-L, an
international network discussion group on the history and theory
of the historical sciences. Send the message  INFO  DARWIN-L  to
listserv@ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu  or  connect  to  the Darwin-L Web
Server (http://rjohara.uncg.edu) for more information.]
(BEN # 133  9-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
NEW BOOK: THE WILD ORCHIDS OF CALIFORNIA

Coleman, Ronald A. 1995. The wild orchids  of  California.  Com-
   stock   Publishing   Associates,  Cornell  University  Press,
   Ithaca, NY. 201 p.  ISBN  0-8014-3012-7  [hard  cover]  Price
   US$45.00.

"This profusely illustrated field guide covers the 32 species of
orchids  that  grow  wild  in  California.  The  first  book  on
California's native orchids, it will be a valuable resource  for
professionals and hobyists alike."

"...  To  help readers identify the orchids, 129 exquisite color
photographs show close-up details of the flowers, as well as the
leaves, seed capsules, and habitats. Distribution maps  document
the  counties  in  which  the species grow. ... Coleman includes
keys to the genera  and  species,  and  discusses  the  relative
rarity  of  the  different flowers and the threats to their con-
tinued existence in the wild."
(BEN # 133  9-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
RARE VASCULAR PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA - ONLINE (RELEASE 3)
From: Adolf Ceska <aceska@cue.bc.ca>

The publication "The rare vascular plants of  British  Columbia"
(Straley,  G.  B.  et  al. 1985. - Syllogeus 59: 1-165) has been
available on gopher freenet.victoria.bc.ca for  some  time  (cf.
BEN # 70, Feb 14, 1994). The data are WAIS searchable, i.e., you
can  search for the plant name (no common names, though), or for
any words mentioned in the text (e.g., Victoria, Nanaimo, etc.).
The search is limited to twenty successful hits.

The CONSERVATION DATA CENTRE vascular plant tracking lists  (RED
and BLUE as of February 29, 1996, YELLOW as of January 28, 1994)
were  added  to  the file and listed in the field called "BC CDC
status." The CDC tracking lists change continuously due  to  new
data  acquisitions  from herbaria and field work. Please request
an updated version from the Conservation  Data  Centre  if  your
work warrants it.

I  added  a  field  with  SYNONYMS for those taxa that have been
known under different names. In order to facilitate searches,  I
included  some orthographic variants (e.g. Carex hystericina vs.
C. hystricina).

I would like to thank Gerald Straley for his permission  to  use
this  list  on  the  gopher,  to  Bob  Scheer  for  his computer
transcription of the original publication, and to George Douglas
for providing Conservation Data Centre status ratings.
(BEN # 133  9-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
SUPRAGENERIC NAMES OF VASCULAR PLANTS
From: James L. Reveal <James_L_Reveal@umail.umd.edu>
    originally posted on TAXACOM <taxacom@cmsa.berkeley.edu>

The  INDICES  NOMINUM  SUPRAGENERICORUM  PLANTARUM   VASCULARIUM
databases,  being  prepared by the International Association for
Plant Taxonomy and the Norton- Brown Herbarium at the University
of  Maryland  in  cooperation  with  the  National  Agricultural
Library,  has been updated with several additions. The databases
are available at:

http://matrix.nal.usda.gov:8080/star/supragenericname.html

The first database is a listing of names above the rank of genus
for extant vascular plants. To date, the literature  up  to  ap-
proximately  1860  has  been  consulted.  As  in  the past, only
validly published and legitimate names are reported. Also, it is
important to remember that the data are being constantly changed
as more and more literature is reviewed.

The second database attempts to provide  a  concordance  of  all
family  names  according to modern authors in an expanded format
from that presented in the first volume of FLORA NORTH  AMERICA.
All  of  the  family  names  are validly published (or currently
treated in App. IIB of the Code)  as  if  validly  published.  A
number of additional names are in the process of being validated
by myself and others. These will be added when available.

The  third  database  is  a  summary,  at  the  family level, of
numerous systems of classification, namely  those  presented  by
Brummitt   (1992),  Cronquist  (1981,  1988),  Dahlgren  (1989a,
1989b), Greuter et  al.  (1993),  Gunn  et  al.  (1992),  Thorne
(1992a, 1992b), Watson & Dallwitz (1991, 1995+) and Wielgorskaya
(1995).  My own views are also presented. Linear arrangments are
given for Cronquist, Dahlgren, Reveal and Thorne; the others are
alphabetical listings.

A new addition to this database are links to the family descrip-
tions available online  by  Watson  &  Dallwitz,  the  USDA/GRIN
generic  listings  being compiled by John Wiersema, and a series
of illustrations from a variety of sites.

The fourth database is new. The linear sequences  of  Cronquist,
Dahlgren  and  Thorne  are  outlined  in  detail at the ranks of
division, subdivision, classes, subclass, superorder, order  and
family  as  appropriate.  By changing formats from one author to
another, and from one level of ranks to another, it is  possible
to  do  a  comparative  review  of  different  portions  of each
author's system of classification.

In preparing this  database,  a  surprisingly  large  number  of
commonly  used  names  were  found  not to be validly published.
While several are listed here, a full citation is not yet avail-
able for several. As these names have been  in  common  use  for
years (in some cases nearly 30 years!), their continued use here
is only a matter of convenience.

HELP buttons with useful (hopefully) information is available on
all  databases.  As  before, additions, corrections and comments
may be sent to me <James_L_Reveal@umail.umd.edu> directly.
(BEN # 133  9-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
MOSS IDENTIFICATION WORKSHOP - UTAH - MAY 17 & 18, 1996
From: Mary Barkworth <stipoid@cc.usu.edu>

The  Intermountain  Herbarium  and Department of Biology at Utah
State University are sponsoring a workshop on  moss  identifica-
tion. The workshop will be lead by Dr. Alma Hanson, Botanist for
the  Payette  National  Forest,  who  has  been  involved with a
floristic study of mosses for some time. The workshop will start
at 1 p.m. on Friday May 17 and extend to Saturday, May 18, at  5
p.m.

The  cost  of  $60 [U.S.] ($50 if received before April 30) will
include a barbecue on Friday, lunch on Saturday, and field  trip
on  Saturday.  The  goal of the workshop is to help participants
learn how to identify mosses and to recognize a  few  genera  in
the  field.  It will be geared to field botanists who can recog-
nize a moss as a moss but may have forgotten most of  what  they
ever knew about moss structures.

For   more   information,   email   me   (Mary   Barkworth)   at
stipoid@cc.usu.edu. To enroll, send your name, address,  daytime
telephone  number,  Email  address  (if  you  have one), and the
enrollment fee to Dr. Mary E. Barkworth, Department of  Biology,
Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-5305.
(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
SYMPOSIUM ON VERNAL POOL ECOSYSTEMS - SACRAMENTO, CA JUNE 19-21
From: ECOLOG-L discussion list

Conference  on  the  Ecology,  Conservation,  and  Management of
Vernal Pool Ecosystems
June 19-21, 1996 at the Hilton Hotel in Sacramento, California

The four sessions include:  (1)  Vernal  Pool  Distribution  and
Characteristics;  (2) Ecology, Systematics, Status and Trends of
Vernal Pool Plants, Animals, and  Ecosystems;  (3)  Conservation
and  Management of Vernal Pools: and (4) Vernal Pool Regulatory,
Planning, and  Policy  Issues.  The  40+  invited  speakers  and
panelists   include  scientists,  managers,  and  planners  from
universities, state and  federal  agencies,  local  governments,
environmental consulting firms, and conservation organizations.

Fees  range  from $100 (early registration by student members of
the sponsoring organizations) to $200 (late registration by non-
students, non-members of sponsoring organizations). Fees include
registration materials, lunches and refreshment breaks.

For registration and further information contact:
   Mr. William Hull, Executive Secretary
   Western Section of The Wildlife Society
   P.O. Box 21638
   Oakland, CA 94620-1638
   (510) 465-4962 or fax (510) 465-1138

(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
STATUS OF NON-NATIVE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WASHINGTON STATE
From: Jenifer Parsons - Washington Department of Ecology
      <JENP461@ecy.wa.gov>

Many different aquatic plants have been introduced to freshwater
lakes and rivers in the northwest over the last century. Some of
them have apparently  naturalized,  and  do  not  cause  obvious
problems. Others plants have a tendency to dominate native plant
communities,   often   growing  in  dense,  nearly  monospecific
colonies. They can cause drastic changes to aquatic  ecosystems,
as  well  as  headaches  for  resource managers and recreational
boaters and swimmers. A brief listing of  these  plants  is  in-
cluded  here  (plants with an * are illegal to sell or transport
in Washington):

* Myriophyllum spicatum - Eurasian  watermilfoil.  It  has  been
growing  in Lake Meridian, near Seattle, at least since 1965. In
the early 1970's it was introduced to the  Okanogan  River  from
Lake  Osoyos,  and  from  there spread rapidly down the Columbia
River. It was also discovered in  Lake  Washington  in  the  mid
1970's.  Currently  we have identified it in 60 lakes throughout
the state as well as the Pend Oreille River, the Columbia  River
and  the  Okanogan River. It is usually spread by boat trailers,
and each year we find new sights  where  it  has  become  estab-
lished.

*  Egeria densa - Brazilian elodea or anacharis. It is native to
South America, and has been sold for many years as  an  aquarium
plant.  It  was first discovered in the United States in 1893 at
Long Island (New York). In Washington it has been in Long  Lake,
Kitsap County since at least the early 1970's. Currently we know
of  its  existence in 13 western Washington lakes. Because these
lakes are widely distributed it is thought that  each  introduc-
tion resulted from a separate aquarium release.

*  Hydrilla  verticillata. Native to Europe, Asia and Australia.
It is considered the worst aquatic nuisance plant in other parts
of the U.S.A. where it  has  become  established.  Two  distinct
forms of Hydrilla exist, a monoecious form (both male and female
flowers on the same plant) and a dioecious form (male and female
flowers on separate plants). The monoecious form of Hydrilla was
discovered  in Washington last year in Pipe Lake, near Bellevue.
We are attempting to eradicate this plant.

* Myriophyllum aquaticum - parrot feather milfoil. It is  native
to  South  America,  and  was imported as a plant for ornamental
ponds. It has been established  in  the  sloughs  of  the  lower
Columbia  River since at least the early 1980's. Recently it was
discovered  distributed  throughout  the  Chehalis  River   from
Centralia  to the mouth at Gray's Harbor. It also has been found
in two small private lakes  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the
state.

Cabomba  caroliniana - native to the southeastern United States,
also a popular aquarium plant. It is established in  sloughs  of
the  lower  Columbia  River, and also causes problems in several
coastal lakes of Oregon.

Nymphaea odorata - fragrant water-lily. Is native to the eastern
United States and was  introduced  in  Washington  in  the  late
1800's.  It  has  become  widespread, and its many horticultural
varieties are often planted in  lakes.  This  plant  has  become
quite  dense in some lakes with extensive shallow areas, and has
proved difficult to control.

There are also several other exotic plants with a  more  limited
distribution in Washington. However, they appear to be replacing
native  plant communities where they are established, and may be
a cause for future concern. These are: Ludwigia  uruguayensis  -
water  primrose.  There  is  some  debate about the name of this
plant, and whether in fact it is a non-native. It appears to  be
limited  to sloughs of the lower Columbia River, where it is the
dominant plant in a community  composed  of  several  non-native
plants   (Egeria  densa,  Myriophyllum  aquaticum,  Myriophyllum
spicatum and Cabomba caroliniana). Nymphoides peltata - floating
heart. Native to Eurasia and established in the  Spokane  Reser-
voir  (Long  Lake),  near  Spokane.  It is forming dense mats of
floating leaves in shallow areas of this  reservoir.  Sagittaria
graminea  -  grass-leaved  arrowhead.  Native  to  eastern North
America. In Washington it is  known  only  from  Lake  Roesiger,
where  it  has become the dominate submersed plant in many areas
of the lake. This plant has caused problem  where  it  has  been
introduced  in  Australia.  Utricularia  inflata  - Big floating
bladderwort. Native to southern and eastern  North  America.  It
has  been  introduced  to  several western Washington lakes, and
occasionally grows to nuisance proportions.

Each of these plants was  originally  introduced  to  the  state
through  the  aquarium  or ornamental plant trade. People either
intentionally planted them in ponds  and  lakes,  or  they  were
inadvertently  introduced  when unwanted pet fish were discarded
into lakes (there are some HUGE goldfish out there). The Depart-
ment of Ecology is currently working on educational materials to
be distributed through  aquarium  stores  and  nurseries  asking
people  not  to release any plants or animals they purchase into
the environment. Also, we are  trying  to  promote  the  use  of
native plants for such hobbies.
(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
ERYTHRONIUM GRANDIFLORUM HOTLINE: 1-800-595-0686

Dawn  Loewen is a University of Victoria student who started her
M.Sc. work on ecology,  ethnobotany  and  variation  of  Glacier
Lily,  Erythronium  grandiflorum  [BEN  127]. Please, send her a
message, if you know interesting stands of this plant,  or  any-
thing  else that could help her in her work. Her address is Dawn
Loewen <DCL@UVIC.CA> and you can call her at
"Erythronium grandiflorum hotline" toll number: 1-800-595-0686
(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
NEW EDITIONS OF THE COLORADO FLORAS

Weber, W.A. & R.C. Wittman. 1996. Colorado Flora: Eastern Slope.
   Revised Edition. University of Colorado Press,  Boulder,  CO.
   496 p., 102 fig., ISBN 0-87081-3867-0 [alk.paper]
Weber, W.A. & R.C. Wittman. 1996. Colorado Flora: Western Slope.
   Revised  Edition.  University of Colorado Press, Boulder, CO.
   523 p., 64 color  plates,  107  fig.,  ISBN  0-877-81-388-9
   [alk.paper].

These  updated  guides, intended both for the student and scien-
tist, offer a complete, authoritative reference to the plants of
Colorado. Both volumes discuss plant geography, special  botani-
cal  features  of  the  mountain ranges, basins, and plains, and
explain basic terminology. Interesting anecdotes  and  introduc-
tions  are given for each plant family, and hints on recognizing
the largest families are provided as well. Each volume  includes
a complete glossary, derivations of scientific names, indices to
common  and  scientific  names,  and  hundreds of illustrations.
These two volumes have been regarded as the most complete guides
available and are essential to readers interested in  Colorado's
plant life.

Wiliam  A.  Weber  is  professor emeritus with a half century of
experience in Colorado, and former curator of the University  of
Colorado  Museum  Herbarium.  He is recognized as the preeminent
authority on the flora of  Colorado,  and  his  earlier  volume,
Rocky  Mountain  Flora,  has been in print since 1953. Ronald C.
Wittmann is a physicist with the National Institute of Standards
and Technology, and co-author with William Weber of the  Catalog
of the Flora of Colorado.

Order  from University Press of Colorado, P.O.Box 849, Niwot, CO
80544. Toll-free number  1-800-268-6044.  $US29.95  per  volume,
shipping $3.00 for first book, $1.00 for each additional.
(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
DEVELOPING A VIRTUAL HERBARIUM AS A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT
From: Mary E. Barkworth and Stephen W. Clyde. Utah State Univer-
   sity, Logan, Utah 84322-5305. <stipoid@cc.susu.edu>

Two  primary  roles  of herbaria are a) providing reliably iden-
tified specimens against which to check  new  specimens  and  b)
providing  verifiable  distributional  data for individual taxa.
Herbaria could serve these roles more effectively by collaborat-
ing in the development of a "Virtual Herbarium". "Specimens"  in
the  Virtual  Herbarium  would be a linked set of image and text
files designed to show the diagnostic features of a  taxon.  The
images  would  be  documented  by  standard herbarium specimens.
"Visitors" to the Virtual Herbarium would be able  to  find  out
which  features  are considered most important in distinguishing
one species from  another  by  reading  the  text  material  and
clarify  their  understanding of this material by looking at the
images. The textual material in the Virtual Herbarium  need  not
be  restricted  to morphological information but, because we see
identification as a primary role of the  Virtual  Herbarium,  we
would emphasize such information during the initial development.

Distributional   data  would  be  obtained  from  a  distributed
database system that, on request, would  draw  information  from
the databases of the collaborating herbaria. Herbaria would have
the  option  of  maintaining their database on a local server or
the central server. Similarly,  they  could  combine  their  own
database  structure  with a tool that makes it accessible to the
central system or adopt a database developed  as  part  of  this
project.  Our  goal  is  to make it feasible for ALL herbaria to
participate in development of the Virtual Herbarium, from  those
that  exist  primarily  because of someone's dedication to those
that have several staff members.

An essential element of the Virtual Herbarium  will  be  a  data
model that informs visitors of differences in the interpretation
and  application  of  scientific  names.  To  make  this a truly
beneficial element, we propose that it should include access  to
information  as  to  why  different  names are applied to a par-
ticular taxon - or a particular name  is  applied  to  different
groups  of plants. Such a feature would eliminate some (not all)
of the nomenclatural differences that  currently  exist  between
herbaria and help both taxonomists and non-taxonomists cope with
the confusion associated with changes in nomenclature.

Development  of  a  Virtual Herbarium offers numerous advantages
that real herbaria cannot offer. These include  easy  access  to
information  about  a wide range of species and related informa-
tion. The distributional data could be presented in the form  of
distribution  maps  and/or checklists and would be linked to its
source, enabling researchers to  determine  which  specimens  it
would  be  particularly  worthwhile  to borrow. It would also be
easy to highlight data from  an  individual  herbarium,  thereby
highlighting  its contribution and (we hope) making it easier to
justify continued or increased investment in its development. We
would emphasize that the Virtual  Herbarium  would  not  replace
real  herbaria  and  real  specimens; information in the Virtual
Herbarium would have to  be  documented  by  specimens  in  real
herbaria  if it is to have the credibility needed to justify the
expense of its development.

Various approaches could  be  used  in  developing  the  Virtual
Herbarium.  We  strongly  advocate a collaborative approach, one
that  would  involve  frequent  discussion  among  participating
herbaria.  These discussions should also include representatives
of those who use herbaria. The annual meetings of the  Northwest
Science  Society would be an appropriate venue for such meetings
if, as we suggested in the proposal that  we  submitted  to  the
National  Science  Foundation,  we  start the development of the
Virtual Herbarium in northwestern North America.

We would be delighted to receive comments from anyone interested
in this concept of a Virtual Herbarium.  They  could  either  be
sent  to me (Mary Barkworth, stipoid@cc.susu.edu) or shared with
others via  the  Herb-L  (Intermountain  and  Pacific  Northwest
Herbarium Discussion) <HERB-L@IDBSU.IDBSU.EDU>.
(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
CURRENT STATUS THE SMASCH PROJECT - ONLINE
From: Thomas Duncan <tdunc@BUTTERCUP.MIP.BERKELEY.EDU>
    originally posted on TAXACOM <TAXACOM@CMSA.BERKELEY.EDU>

The  SMASCH  Project,  funded by the National Science Foundation
(NSF), is developing a database  of  text  data  and  images  of
specimens  that  document the distribution and classification of
the plants of California. The project began in  1992.  By  1999,
the  SMASCH  database at the University and Jepson Herbaria will
contain records for approximately 300,000 accessions.

In February 1996, NSF conducted  a  site  visit  to  the  SMASCH
Project.  As  a result the MIP and the SMASCH Project are under-
taking a redesign of our home page, preparing  SMASCH  for  dis-
tribution  through  the WWW by July 31, 1996, and beginning data
entry for the next year of the project (80,000 accession records
will be entered during the  next  twelve  months).  The  current
status  of  our  activities  toward  these goals is contained in
"What's New" at "http://ucjeps.herb.berkeley.edu/smasch/".
(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
ETHNOBIOLOGY E-MAIL DISCUSSION LIST
From: Dana Lepofsky <dlepofsk@sfu.ca>

A new email group has been set up  to  facilitate  communication
between  ethnobiologists.  If  you would like to participate you
may subscribe by sending the following message

   subscribe ethno-bio

to the list processor at  Simon  Fraser  University  (Vancouver,
B.C.)
 
   majordomo@sfu.ca

The ethno-bio list is intended to encourage discussion about the
use  of  plants and animals by native peoples worldwide. To send
mail to the list, use the address

   ethno-bio@sfu.ca

To send mail about the list (such  as  your  membership  in  the
list), use the address

   owner-ethno-bio@sfu.ca

(BEN # 134  30-April-1996)
------------------------------------------
DR. WILLIAM G. (BILL) DORE (1912 - 1996)

Dr.  Bill  Dore  died  in  Ottawa on April 17, 1996, on his 84th
birthday. He was born in Ottawa  in  1912,  studied  at  Queen's
University,  Kingston,  Ontario  (B.A.  in  1933),  received his
M.Sc. degree from McGill University in Montreal (1935), and  his
Ph.D. from Ohio State University (1948). He was was a Professor-
Lecturer  and  Assistant  Professor  at the Dalhousie University
(1937-1945) and Assistant Professor at the Ontario  Agricultural
College  (1946-1947).  In  1947  he  went  to the Plant Research
Institute in Ottawa where he was an Associate and  later  Senior
Botanist until his retirement in 1977.

Bill Dore's specialty was taxonomy of grasses and the ecology of
grasslands,  and  he  had  a  good knowledge of aquatic vascular
plants and of the Ontario flora. He was the senior author  of  a
manual  of  grasses  of  Ontario (Dore, W.G. & J. McNeill. 1980.
Grasses of Ontario. Agriculture Canada Research  Branch  Monogr.
26. 566 p.).

I  met  Bill Dore in 1980's. He was delighted to hear that I was
working on the application of his technique of  measuring  light
using  anthracene  polymerization  as  my  first  plant  ecology
project at the Charles University in Prague (Dore, W.G. 1958.  A
simple  chemical light meter. Ecology 39: 151-152.). In 1988, he
came for the Canadian Botanical Association meeting to Victoria,
and I remember how he caressed the  tiny  plants  of  Alopecurus
carolinianus that I showed him in Uplands Park.

Stephen  Darbyshire,  who succeeded Dr. Dore in the DAO wrote me
the following notes:

   "Among Bill's wonderful contributions to botany  has  been
   the  warmth  and help he has shown students and a plethora
   of colleagues. Many times his generosity made its way into
   other  people's  works  with  little  acknowledgement.   I
   learned so much from him and wish that I had only half his
   power of perception."

   "I  have been seeing Bill pretty regularly for the last 18
   years or so. He was always so delighted to have someone to
   talk botany with. After his wife Doris died (about  1984),
   he really had a hard time of it. It was such a frustration
   for  him  to  have  the  mental  capability and desire for
   active work, but not the physical  capability:  his  hands
   became  too shaky to write legibly; his legs would not let
   him kneel in the garden; his reactions too slow to drive a
   car to a collecting site; his stamina too  short  to  work
   for more than half an hour at a time."

Bill  Dore  was  a founding member of the Canadian Botanical As-
sociation  and  a  honourary  member  of   the   Ottawa   Field-
Naturalists' Club (one of few members with more than 50 years of
membership).
(BEN # 135  9-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
BOTANICAL EVENTS IN VICTORIA

May  21,  1996.  Botany  Night:  Matt  Fairbarns  will conduct a
   workshop for identification  of  grasses.  Swan  Lake  Nature
   House, 7:30 p.m.

May  25,  1996.  Friends  of Ecological Reserves's trip to Trial
   Island. McNeill Bay starting at 10:00 a.m. Charge $10.00  for
   members of the Friends (more for non-members?).

Exhibit of botanical illustrations by Oluna Ceska in the Mocambo
   Coffee, 1028 Blanshard Street (between the Fort & Broughton).
   Till May 31, 1996.

(BEN # 135  9-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
EMPLOYMENT  OPPORTUNITY:  WNPS  ADMINISTRATIVE  ASSISTANT  
From: "Clayton J. Antieau" <antieau@coopext.cahe.wsu.edu>
      originally on pacific-biosnet@listproc.wsu.edu

The Washington Native Plant Society seeks a  skilled,  motivated
half-time  administrative assistant. Tasks include Board meeting
minutes, word processing, copying, mailing,  filing,  correspon-
dence.  Process  memberships  and maintain mailing list. Develop
written materials. Assist Board members with  volunteer  manage-
ment  and  recruitment,  publicity, marketing, fund raising, and
special projects. Build this office from  the  ground  up;  help
this 20 year old organization be even more effective!

Candidates   must   be  well-organized,  detail-oriented,  self-
starting and have strong communication and computer skills. Some
travel. 20 hours/week; $12.00/hour  plus  benefits.  Send  cover
letter, resume, and one page writing sample to WNPS, 836 NE 58th
Street, Seattle, WA 98105.

Deadline for receipt of applications: 25 May 1996.
(BEN # 135  9-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
THE EBB OF EXPERIENCE
From: Jim Pojar <jpojar@mfor01.gov.bc.ca>

It struck me recently (as I'm sure it has struck others) that we
have a lot of new protected areas. Most are incompletely known--
if  at  all--in terms of ecology, recreation, cultural heritage,
and management  issues.  But  they  must  be  managed.  And  the
Protected Areas Strategy is not done yet, at least on paper.

We also seem to have fewer and fewer people around who have real
field  knowledge  of  these  protected  areas  (not just the new
ones!), and of the geographic region (or ecosection or whatever)
that these protected areas represent or  occur  in.  So  who  is
going  to  develop  the  management  plans,  who assess the sig-
nificance of the protected resources and their  relationship  to
managed  resources  on  the  surrounding  unprotected lands, who
address current  management  problems  and  anticipate  emerging
issues  in provincial, national, and international contexts? The
new technology is powerful and wondrous, but somewhere  in  this
process  of  "Now what do we do?" we need not just GIS operators
but some people who've actually set foot in  (say)  the  Kitimat
Ranges or on the Chilcotin Plateau.

It  has  struck me repeatedly during the PAS process of the last
few years just how little, wide-ranging on-the-ground  knowledge
there  is  among  government  staff  involved  in  gap analysis,
Regional Protected Areas Teams, and Land &  Resource  Management
Plans.  Localized  knowledge and experience exists, but synoptic
field experience combined with  the  contextual  knowledge  that
confers  meaning---the  big  picture,  the provincial (at least)
perspective---is very uncommon. Those who have this  combination
are  mostly  in my age class (40-50 years) or older. The pool of
knowledge and experience is draining  as  people  move  on;  the
younger  staff for the most part aren't picking it up, or do not
have the opportunity to learn. We cannot rely entirely  on  con-
sultants  to fill the knowledge gap, partly because even manage-
ment by contracting-out requires some  strategic  direction  and
quality control, and partly because the ranks of consultants are
affected  by the same demographic. Nor is the academic community
much help: same demographic, and progress up the academic ladder
these days is hindered rather than  helped  by  doing  extensive
fieldwork.  Specialization  and  prolific publication are key to
success. There are no more Vladimir Krajinas or Bert  Brinks  at
our B.C. universities.

Back  in  the  1970s young staff acquired this kind of knowledge
and experience on the job because circumstances included:

 1. biophysical mapping, soil surveys etc. done by what was then
    known as the Resource Analysis  Branch  (RAB);  many  people
    were involved, some remain, sort of scattered throughout the
    public service

 2. province-wide  ecosystem  classification  by the B.C. Forest
    Service; many involved, some remain, mostly (like me)  still
    in F.S.

 3. a  traditional  Provincial  Museum,  with many knowledgeable
    people; not many remain, and they are going fast

 4. provincial parks and fish  &  wildlife  programs  that  were
    still  more  in the exploration and inventory stages; tended
    to be more resource- than "client"-oriented; even the  Lands
    Branch  for  a  time  considered resource management part of
    their mandate and had biologists on staff.


Anyway, times have changed. But it is not too late to  forestall
the  end  of  experience.  Why  not  set up an interagency field
training program, sort of an in-service Field Academy?  Selected
individuals,  judged  to  be  key  to  PAS and the management of
protected areas, would be invited to spend 2-4 weeks each  field
season  with  a  few  Experienced  Mentors,  doing  fieldwork in
selected ecosections throughout the province. So as to  be  more
than  a  mere  junket,  and to help build the knowledge base for
these incompletely known protected areas,  the  fieldwork  would
include  collection  of  information  (according  to established
protocols) and case studies of management issues. Such  sessions
would  have  to  be long enough to do something substantive, but
not so lengthy as to disrupt people's personal  lives  or  their
programs.

If  you  think  this is an idea worth pursuing, please circulate
this note as you see fit. I would be  prepared  to  devote  some
time to it.
(BEN # 135  9-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
FLORA OF THE OLYMPIC PENINSULA

Buckingham, N.M., E.G. Schreiner, T.N. Kaye, J.E. Burger, & E.L.
   Tisch.  1996.  Flora  of  the  Olympic  Peninsula. Washington
   Native Plant Society &  Northwest  Interpretive  Association,
   Port  Angeles.  199  p.  ISBN 0-914019-38-4 [soft cover] Cost
   US$7.95.

Available from:
   Northwest Interpretive Association
   3002 Mount Angeles Road
   Port Angeles, WA 98362
   Phone: (360) 452-4501 ext. 239

This is the second edition of a popular vascular species list of
the Olympic Peninsula. New data on  species  distributions  were
included  and  the  nomenclature  has  been  updated  respecting
changes that have occurred since the publication of the Vascular
plants of the Pacific Northwest by Hitchcock et al. The  chapter
on  origins  of  the Olympic Flora (the Olympocentric View), and
annotated notes for numerous taxa contain a wealth  of  informa-
tion  for anyone interested in phytogeography and plant taxonomy
of the Pacific Northwest.
(BEN # 135  9-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
PLANT COLLECTING FOR THE AMATEUR

Brayshaw, T.C. 1996. Plant collecting  for  the  amateur.  Royal
   British  Columbia  Museum, Victoria. 44 p. ISBN 0-7718-9439-2
   [soft cover] Price CND 8.95.

In this third edition of Chris Brayshaw's popular manual  (first
published in 1973)  Chris updated the text and added a new chap-
ter on insect pests in  herbaria  and  their  control. The  book
also  lists the  main  herbarium  resources in  British Columbia
and  Canada and  gives number  of  references useful for identi-
fication  of  vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens.

The British Columbia Ministry of Forests (which made a financial
contribution to  Chris  Brayshaw's  publication)  simultaneously
published  their  own "Techniques and procedures for collecting,
preserving, processing and storing  botanical  specimens"  (B.C.
Ministry  of Forests, Working Paper 18/1996, 39 p. - no charge).
This publication has a similar scope and contents as the  "Plant
collecting  for  the  amateur,"  but  the  useful information is
overshadowed by some grave mistakes and blunders, especially  in
the "Glossary of terms" and reference citations.
(BEN # 135  9-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
TRIAL ISLAND TRIP POSTPONED !!! NOW ON SUNDAY JUNE 2, 1996

The Trial Island trip organized by the Friends of the Ecological
Reserves  has  been  postponed  to  Sunday June 2, 1996. Meet at
McNeill Bay beach near the foot of Transit Road  at  10:00  a.m.
Fee: $10 for members, $15 for non-members (membership $15 single
or $20 families)
(BEN # 136  23-May-1996)
------------------------------------------


                  ---------------------------
                  B O T A N Y   B C   1 9 9 6
                  ---------------------------

BOTANY BC 1996 - JULY 18 - 20 - SPECIAL HABITATS FIELD TOUR
From: Craig DeLong <sdelong@mfor01.for.gov.bc.ca>

When: July 18-20, 1996

Where: Ft St James to Valemount Field Tour

Topics:  vegetation  of special habitats (serpentine, limestone,
   old growth Interior Cedar Hemlock forests, bogs, sand  dunes,
   etc.)

Schedule of Events

Thursday Evening, July 18, 1996:
   Registration 6:00-7:30 p.m. (Ft St James, Stuart Lake,
      Pitka Bay Resort)
   Dr. Art Kruckeberg: Serpentine Ecology  - 8:00 p.m.

Friday, July 19, 1996:
   Field tour to Murray Ridge (serpentine) - morning
   Field tour to Pope Mountain (limestone) - afternoon
   Drive to Prince George (Miworth Community Hall)
   BBQ Supper 6:00-7:00 p.m.
   Dr. Hugues Masicotte: Mycorrhizae/Plant Relations - 8:00 p.m.

Saturday, July 20, 1996:
   Field tour Rocky Mountain Trench from Prince George to
      Valemount and back (8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m.)
      wetlands, Cedar/Hemlock forests, sand dunes
      Trevor Goward: Lichens of ancient Cedar/Hemlock forests

Travel  from  Prince  George  to Valemount and return will be by
coach with air conditioning, stereo and VCR.  Please  bring  any
botanical videos that you think may keep us entertained on this
long trip.

We  want  to  discourage  people from using own vehicles for the
duration of the field tour. We don't  want  a  lot  of  vehicles
strung out along the trip.

Cost - Registration Fees:

   Early registration by June 15: $50.00 (students $40.00)
   Regular registration by July 1: $60.00 (students $50.00)
   Late registration after July 1: $70.00

Cancellation refunds:

   100% up to July 1
    80%  July 1-15
   no refunds after July 15

Accommodation:

Ft St James: Camping ($12) or motel room ($40-$45) -
   Pitka Bay Resort on Stuart Lake make your own reservation
   phone 604-996-8585

Prince  George: Free camping in field or sleeping on floor or in
   basement (for cave dwellers) of Miworth Community Hall (wash-
   rooms available); many motel options in  Prince  George,  but
   BUS  will  only  make  one pickup in town at Ramada Inn (make
   your own reservations if you want to stay in a motel).

Meals:

   Supper on Thursday night will not be supplied
   Pancake breakfast: approx. $6.00/person
   Bag Lunches: approx. $7.00/person
   BBQ Supper: approx. $10.00/person
   Please indicate if vegetarian on the registration form


Transportation to and from BOTANY BC:

Please contact the following persons to get a map of how to  get
   to   Pitka   Bay   Resort  and  for  making  arrangements  of
   getting/giving rides:
   
Vancouver Island/Vancouver area:
   Elizabeth Easton - 953-3488 - eeaston@mfor01.gov.bc.ca

Smithers area:
   Sybille Haeussler - 847-9451 - sybh@netshop.com

Prince George area:
   Craig DeLong - 565-6202 - sdelong@mfor01.gov.bc.ca

Kamploops/Nelson area:
   Andre Arsenault - 828-4128 - aarsenau@mfor01.gov.bc.ca

Williams Lake area:
   Ray Coupe - 398-4403 - rcoupe@mfor01.gov.bc.ca




----------------- < cut here > ---------------------



               BOTANY BC 1996 - Registration Form


Name:


Mailing Address:





Phone:                     Fax:

E-mail:

Accommodation:  Camping:  [ ]     Motel: [ ]

   Note: You must make your own motel reservation

Meals:  Pancake breakfasts: [  ]   Lunches: [  ]  BBQ:  [  ]

        Vegetarian ?  YES  /  NO

Registration fees enclosed:  Regular: _______  Student: _______


Mail to        Botany BC
               c/o Jeanne Illingworth
               3537 Savannah Ave.
               Victoria, B.C.
               V8X 1S6
               ph 386-2803 or 386-0886
               fax 388-9236
               E mail: seiproject@pacificcoast.net


Note: only contact Jeanne about registration related questions
      (including cancellations).

All other general questions should be directed to Craig DeLong
or one of the regional contacts listed under transportation.


(BEN # 136  23-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
UNUSUAL DINOFLAGELLATE/STICKLEBACK ASSOCIATIONS - SUMMARY
From: T. E. Reimchen, Dept of Biology, Univ. Victoria
       <REIM@UVVM.UVIC.CA>

Over  the  last 25 years, I have been examining the evolution of
endemic threespine stickleback on the Queen  Charlotte  Islands.
The  stickleback  provide a particular interesting case of adap-
tive variation as each  lake  contains  a  distinctive  form  of
stickleback,  quite  comparable to the morphological variability
in Darwin's finches. Most of the highly  divergent  stickleback,
including  giant  forms  and  unarmoured  forms occur in the bog
lowlands on the north-eastern corner of Graham Island.  We  have
been  able  to  associate  many of the morphological differences
among the populations to  distinct  predation  regimes  in  each
habitat.

During  the course of these studies, which involved samples from
over 300 ponds and lakes, I discovered  some  unarmoured  stick-
leback  in  several  ponds on the north-eastern corner of Graham
Island. In one of these ponds (Rouge Pond),  many  of  the  fish
were  covered  in  a  thin gelatinous envelope in which were em-
bedded numerous vegetative microcysts. These  were  subsequently
identified  by  Max  Taylor (UBC) as a dinoflagellate of unknown
affinity. Numerous SEM and TEM studies  by  John  Buckland-Nicks
(StFX)  have  shown that these cysts, which contain chlorophyll,
are unlike other dinoflagellate fish parasites.  The  cyst  con-
tains  a  rigid  fenestrated  matrix  penetrated  by cytoplasmic
processes that extend from  the  dinokaryotic  nucleus  and  as-
sociated  chloroplasts.  These  traits,  in addition to amoeboid
stages, a very short duration trophont and a variety of  resting
cysts  suggest  associations with the Phytodiniales while a tem-
porary dinokaryon and palintomic sporogenesis suggest affinities
to  the  Blastodiniales.  Although  there  remain  numerous  am-
biguities  in  its  higher level associations, we have initiated
formal taxonomic description of this dinoflagellate.

Response of the fish to the infection  is  extensive  epithelial
hyperplasia  which  produces  a  thick  layer  of cells over the
entire fish in which the dinoflagellates are embedded.  Even  in
cases  of  extensive  infection, the fish exhibit no obvious be-
havioral signs of stress, suggestive  of  a  symbiosis  or  non-
pathological association.

My student, P. O'Reilly, undertook mtDNA work of the stickleback
populations  and  found  that the majority of populations have a
mtDNA lineage that is very similar to  that  found  in  the  an-
cestral stickleback found in marine waters surrounding the Queen
Charlottes.  However,  he  also  found  a highly divergent mtDNA
lineage (>2.0% sequence divergence) in  a  several  populations.
The  stickleback  from Rouge Pond, which have the dinoflagellate
association, were monomorphic for this rare lineage. More recent
work by G. Orti (Stony Brook) shows  that  this  rare  haplotype
also  characterizes  stickleback from Japan and several sites in
Alaska, suggestive of a previously wide  distribution,  but  now
restricted in space.

We are not yet sure whether the combined presence of this highly
atypical  dinoflagellate  with  the  rare mtDNA haplotype of the
stickleback in Rouge Pond are merely  coincidental  events  that
occurred  after postglacial colonization or whether the biogeog-
raphy of both were bound together during the Pleistocene  in  an
ice-free  refugium  suspected  of  occurring  between  the Queen
Charlotte Islands and the mainland.

The  following   references   provide   more   detail   on   the
dinoflagellate/stickleback associations.

Reimchen, T. E. and J. Buckland-Nicks. 1990. A novel association
   between  an  endemic  stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagel-
   late: Seasonal cycle and host response.  Can.  J.  Zool.  68:
   667-671.

Buckland-Nicks,  J., T. E. Reimchen and F. J. R. Taylor. 1990. A
   novel  association  between  an  endemic  stickleback  and  a
   parasitic  dinoflagellate:  Morphology  and life cycle. J. of
   Phycology 26: 539-548.

Buckland-Nicks, J. and T. E. Reimchen 1995. A novel  association
   between  an  endemic  stickleback and a parasitic dinoflagel-
   late. 3:  Details  of  the  life  cycle.  Arch.  Protistenkd.
   145:165-175.

Buckland-Nicks,  T.  E.  Reimchen and D. J. Garbary. Haidadinium
   gasterosteophilum   gen.   et.   sp.   nov.   (Phytodiniales,
   Dinophyceae),  a freshwater ectoparasite on stickleback (Gas-
   terosteus aculeatus from the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada.
   Phycologia (submitted July 1995).
   
These papers provide more detail on the host populations:

Reimchen, T. E. 1984. Status of un-armoured and  spine-deficient
   populations  (Charlotte  Unarmored Stickleback) of Threespine
   stickleback, Gasterosteus sp. on the Queen Charlotte Islands,
   British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 98:120-126.

O'Reilly, P., T. E. Reimchen, R. Beech and  C.  Strobeck.  1993.
   Mitochondrial  DNA  in  Gasterosteus  and Pleistocene glacial
   refugium on the Queen Charlotte  Islands,  British  Columbia.
   Evolution 47: 678-684.

Orti,  G., M. A. Bell, T. E. Reimchen and A. Meyer. 1994. Global
   survey of  mitochondrial  DNA  sequences  in  the  threespine
   stickleback:   evidence   for  recent  migrations.  Evolution
   48:608-622.

Reimchen, T. E. 1994.  Predators  and  evolution  in  threespine
   stickleback.  In Evolution of the threespine stickleback (ed.
   M.A. Bell and S. A. Foster), pp. 240-273.  Oxford  University
   Press.
(BEN # 137  26-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
LICHEN REQUEST - THAMNOLIA VERMICULARIS STUDY
From: Vivian Miao <vmiao@unixg.ubc.ca>
        originally posted on lichens-l@hawaii.edu

My  colleague  Joe  McDermott  and  I  are  doing a study on the
population structure of Thamnolia vermicularis  from  a  genetic
point  of  view.  The  presumptive sterile nature of this lichen
suggests that there would be an overall low level of  variation.
To  test  this,  we  are  using PCR based methods to investigate
variation in the ribosomal RNA genes (primarily  in  number  and
location of introns in the coding regions) and in the spacer DNA
between  the  genes  (the  ITS  and  IGS  regions).  Through the
generosity of a number of helpful individuals, we have been able
to examine nearly 75 specimens from various distant  places.  To
improve  the  geographic  representation  of the study, we would
like to have at least about 250 samples worldwide. I'd  like  to
ask  the  members of this group for help in obtaining additional
specimens, especially of material from the southern hemisphere.

Although fresh material is better, we have  worked  successfully
with older material (a specimen from the 1930's is the oldest to
date).  Whatever  the  age,  only  a small amount of material is
needed (one or two thalli). If you can spare a small  amount  of
material  from  your collection, or if you can recommend someone
we should contact, please e-mail me at the address below.

Thanks very much for your help.

   Vivian Miao
   West-East Centre for Microbial Diversity
   B. C. Research Building
   3650 Wesbrook Mall
   Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6S 2L2
   Tel: (604) 222-5518 or (604) 222-5525
   Fax: (604) 222-6648
   vmiao@unixg.ubc.ca

(BEN # 137  26-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
PLANTS OF SOUTHERN INTERIOR BRITISH COLUMBIA

Parish, R., R.  Coupe,  &  D.  Lloyd  [eds.].  1996.  Plants  of
   Southern  Interior  British  Columbia.  Lone Pine Publishing,
   Vancouver,  B.C.  463  p.  ISBN  1-55105-057-9  [soft  cover]
   CDN$24.95, US$19.95
   Lone Pine Publishing's toll free numbers are:
      Phone: 1-800-661-9017
        Fax: 1-800-424-7173

This  is  the  latest  addition  to  the popular series of field
guides to plants of British Columbia and the  Pacific  Northwest
[see  BEN  31, 75, 114, and also 125 & 132]. The guide "features
nearly 700 species of plants commonly found in the  region  from
the  crest of the Rockies west to the Coast Mountains, including
the interior of Washington and Idaho." The  book  contains  more
than 1000 photographs and over 700 line drawings.

This  is a great series of field guides, highly praised by their
users and  reviewers.  The Southern Interior  guide is  possibly
the  best  in  the  series, its editors and writers have done an
excellent job. The guide was produced by ten authors  (three  of
them edited the book). I could not find who wrote what part, but
you  can  feel  Anna  Roberts'  fine hand in the contribution to
sedges, Trevor Goward's logical participation  on  lichens,  and
Dr.  George  Douglas's  treatment  of  Asteraceae. I was able to
detect Dr. Wilf Schofield's excellent contribution to the treat-
ment of bryophytes, although he is listed as a co-author only in
the Acknowledgements.

What should I say more? This is an excellent book. It is  loaded
with  information,  it's  easy  to  use, and yes, it has rounded
corners.
(BEN # 137  26-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
BOTANY BC - CORRECTION

The correct e-mail address of Sybille Haeussler is:
   Sybille Haeussler - 847-9451 - sybh@netshop.net

(BEN # 137  26-May-1996)
------------------------------------------
SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT DATABASES IN HERBARIA
From: Weber William A <weberw@spot.Colorado.EDU>

A  relatively  small  computer  database that herbarium COLO was
able to put together with Tim Hogan's and Dina Clark's help,  is
a godsend to us. All that we did was to search the herbarium for
one  voucher  specimen each for every species that occurs in any
Colorado county (there are 66 as you know).  This  list  can  be
retrieved  for  any  county.  What we get out of this is that if
anybody goes into a county and wants to collect, here is a  list
of  the things we already have, and they can take this list with
them to avoid duplication. Fortunately, we have the field  books
of  our  major  collectors  and can check their itineraries very
easily to find out where they really were. Considering that long
ago, when I assessed our coverage by selecting the lilies, which
are easy to see and collect, and predictable as to their  occur-
rence,  I  found  we had 19 per cent of expected. I suppose that
now we are probably close to 30 per cent. We  certainly  can  be
more  efficient in the future. I think that "computerization" of
collections should arise from a  real  need,  not  to  just  get
Brownie points with your fellow curators and administrators.

I  do  not  go  along with total computerization. At the present
time the COLO herbarium  people  are  doing  only  the  Colorado
collections.  They  copy all of the information on the specimen,
and try to interpret the handwritten labels.  I  find  that  the
current  crop of students have a very hard time with them, prob-
ably because they have never had to read handwritten things, and
may rarely have used the pen themselves. I have to do a  lot  of
interpretation  for  them because I know almost every sheet that
goes into the place, and many of the collectors.  As  far  as  I
know,  this  job  will take several years and use a lot of money
and time on the part of the herbarium budget and  the  students,
respectively.

Here  are  the  points that need to be considered very carefully
before embarking on total computerization:

 1. Remember that there are two parts  of  the  job;  doing  the
    entries  and proofreading them. These chores have to be done
    at two different times. The entering  clerk  cannot  be  ex-
    pected  to  proof  the  work. The files have to be retrieved
    again for proofing, and often the sheets are not in the same
    order as when they were entered.

 2. Time and money are deeply involved. In our  case,  with  the
    coverage  as  light  as  it  still is, money would better be
    spent by sending people into the field to collect, using the
    small data base mentioned above.

 3. The project has to be envisioned as continuing  indefinitely
    into the future. When the money dries up, the project stops.

 4. If  the  person  entering gets sick, or leaves, and there is
    time away from the machine, new specimens pile up and cannot
    be placed in the herbarium files  until  someone  gets  them
    entered.  This  is  what  I call a bottleneck. Herbaria have
    enough unfinished work sitting on the tables and do not need
    more.

 5. There is something to be said for entering new material into
    the computer at the  time  the  labels  are  produced.  This
    applies to start-up herbaria at least. I am talking about an
    herbarium with half a million specimens all needing entry.

 6. If any specimen has its name changed or is placed elsewhere,
    the computer needs to be told about it.

 7. Regardless  of how much is put into a database, the specimen
    itself may eventually have to be consulted.  The  data  base
    never contains detailed descriptions of the actual specimen.
    Identifications  cannot  be  accepted  on their face values.
    Some administrators think that once you have  a  data  base,
    the collection becomes superfluous; nothing could be farther
    from the truth.

The  big  question,  which  really  should  always be before the
people who give out the money, is this. Will the users of such a
data base ever pay our herbarium proportionately for the  infor-
mation  they  get out of it? I think the answer is obvious. They
will expect to get it free of charge. If I were a fiscal officer
of the university I would insist that there be a quid  pro  quo,
but  what administrator knows anything about an herbarium except
that it costs a great deal to maintain it? In his eyes the space
it occupies would be very useful for some other discipline. This
is one reason why herbaria are being given away.  Paradoxically,
the herbarium manager is encouraged to believe that computeriza-
tion  is  a  magic formula that will make the herbarium more re-
spectable in the eyes of an administrator  and  ones  scientific
colleagues in other institutions.
(BEN # 138  5-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
NEW ALIEN PLANTS OF YUKON ROADSIDES
From: Bruce Bennett <bennettb@ywc.yk.doe.ca>

The  Yukon has seen several significant foreign invasions in the
last 150 years: the fur trade, the Gold Rush, and  the  building
of the Alaska highway, to name a few. With each of these events,
some  have stayed and adapted to the harsh northern environment,
others have simply disappeared. Along  with  the  new  residents
came  many  new  animals  and plants. This invasion continues to
this day. I am part of this invasion, having moved to the  Yukon
last  year.  Since  my  arrival,  I have started to locate other
invaders who may be overlooked,  the  vegetative  invaders,  the
alien plants.

Many  of  these  plants  are  familiar  to  most  Yukoners.  The
lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) only came  to  the  Yukon
about  500  years  ago  or  so  and  continues to move north and
westward.  Sweet  clover  (Melilotus  alba  Desr.)  and  alfalfa
(Medicago  sativa L.) are familiar to travelers of our highways.
Others are relatively unknown  and  their  distributions  poorly
understood. Since my arrival at least five new species have been
added to our knowledge of the flora of the Yukon. Four turned up
in  the  area of Haines Junction and were brought to me by Lloyd
Freese of the National Park Service. He realized that the plants
were unusual, finding them growing along the highway. All proved
to be new species and included: Tansy  (Tanacetum  vulgare  L.),
creeping  thistle (Cirsium arvense [L.] Scop.), diffuse knapweed
(Centaurea diffusa Lam.) and salsify (Tragopogon dubius Scop.).

Perhaps the most exciting discovery was of the  chick-pea  milk-
vetch  (Astragalus  cicer L.). This is a very showy perennial of
the pea family. It was  found  on  a  roadside  in  the  extreme
southeast corner of the Yukon near the LaBiche river blooming on
June  10 last year. It had ascending to suberect stems (5) 25-60
(100) cm and large racemes of yellow flowers crowded into  ovoid
heads.  Leaflets  8-15  pairs.  It  has broad stipules. From the
remnants of the previous year, I found hairy black  marble-sized
10-15  mm  inflated  pods.  Most species that are this large and
colourful are also  very  easily  identifiable,  however  I  was
unable  to locate this species in any of the surrounding floras.
I spotted the same species along the windswept Haines road  near
the  B.C./Yukon  border.  It was still blooming in October while
the first snow was falling. This only  added  to  my  confusion.
Surely  a  plant  that  is this widespread cannot be too hard to
identify? My search finally ended this February. While on  vaca-
tion  in  Victoria  I visited the Royal B.C. Museum. I talked to
Chris Brayshaw who remarked that he had found a species  similar
to  my  description near Ft. Nelson several years ago. Likewise,
he was unable to find a description in any North American  Flora
and  finally  located  it in the Flora Europaea. With the assis-
tance of John Pinder-Moss, the biological collections manager at
the herbarium, we finally located it in  the  collections.  This
plant  comes from Belgium and north-central Russia southwards to
northern Spain and Bulgaria although it is known to occasionally
naturalize farther  north.  According  to  the  Atlas  of  North
American  Astragalus  Part  II,  Astragalus cicer is widely dis-
persed in moist grassy places, along  streams  and  ditches,  in
hedges, and in open woodland over most of continental Europe. It
was  introduced  in  the  United  States for trial as a cover or
forage  crop,  reportedly   naturalized   in   Whatcom   County,
Washington,  in  southern Manitoba, near Brandon and possibly in
northestern Nevada. The  Vascular  Plants  of  British  Columbia
reports  the occurrence in B.C. as being rare found in Coquitlam
and Williams Lake, and  also  reports  their  flower  colour  as
white.  I  will have to return to the Haines road this summer to
determine if this species also ranges south into B.C.

Barneby, R.C. 1964. Atlas of North American Astragalus Part  II.
   The  Ceridothrix,  Hypoglottis,  Piptolodoid, Trimeniaeus and
   Orophaca Astragali. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 13:597-1188.

Douglas, G.W., G.B. Straley,  and  D.  Meidinger  (eds.).  1989.
   Vascular  Plants  of  British Columbia: Dicotyledons (Diapen-
   siaceae  through  Portulacaceae).  Special   report   series,
   British  Columbia Ministry of Forests, number 2. Crown Publi-
   cations. Victoria, B.C.

Tutin, T.G., V.H. Heywood, N.A. Burgess, D.M. Moore, D.H. Valen-
   tine, S.M. Walters and D.A. Webb.  (eds.).  1964-1980.  Flora
   Europaea  Vol.2,  Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. Cambridge Univer-
   sity Press. p.114
(BEN # 138  5-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
FLORA OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC VOL. I - AN INTERESTING ANACHRONISM
From: Adolf Ceska <aceska@freenet.victoria.bc.ca>

I bought the first volume (Pteridophytes to Butomaceae)  of  the
Arctic  Flora  USSR when I was a graduate student at the Charles
University in Prague in  1960.  I  was  thrilled  by  the  fresh
taxonomic  treatment  of  the  Russian  North  and I immediately
subscribed the series in the "Soviet Book" bookstore in  Prague.
My excitement did not last too long. Somebody pinched my copy of
the Pteridophytes and the "Soviet Book" ignored my subscription.
Nevertheless,  with  the help of my friends and booksellers like
Koeltz and Scientia I managed to gather at least the most impor-
tant volumes of the Arctic  Flora.  Some  taxonomic  treatments,
especially  those  by  Yurtzev and Tzvelev, are still useful and
interesting.

The University of Alberta Press started to publish  the  English
translation of the Arctic Flora of the USSR and the first volume
appeared  last  year.  It  contains  Polypodiaceae  - Butomaceae
(originally published in 1960), and Gramineae  (originally  pub-
lished  in 1964). The treatment of pteridophytes is rather stale
and that of grasses was superceded by Tzvelev's "Grasses of  the
USSR."  In  spite  of  this, the translation of the Arctic Flora
should be praised since it makes this important work  accessible
to  the  broad  English-speaking  audience. The translation will
have six volumes, the last one will appear in 1998.

Flora of the Russian  Arctic.  Volume  1.  Translated  from  the
   original  Russian  "Arkticheskaya Flora SSSR" by G.C.D. Grif-
   fiths, edited by J.G. Packer. University  of  Alberta  Press,
   Edmonton. 1995. 330 p. ISBN 0-88864-269-5 [hard cover] Price:
   CDN$65.00
(BEN # 138  5-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
ASKELL LOVE (1916-1994) - IN MEMORIAM AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
From: Adolf Ceska <aceska@freenet.victoria.bc.ca>

Dr.  Askell  Love  was  a  world  leader in the science of plant
cytotaxonomy and phytogeography.  His  friend,  Dr.  William  A.
Weber,  published  a short "In Memoriam" note and a bibliography
of Dr. Love's works in the Acta Botanica Islandica (12[1995]: 3-
5 and 6-34, respectively). I have a small  surplus  of  reprints
that I can send you, if you are interested. Please, send me your
mailing address, and please, use my freenet adress:

   aceska@freenet.victoria.bc.ca

NOT ben@cue.bc.ca; you may create a mail storm, if you use BEN's
address.
(BEN # 139  22-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
JUNE 10 -- TODAY IN THE HISTORICAL SCIENCES

1858:  ROBERT BROWN dies in London in the Soho Square house left
to him by  Joseph  Banks,  his  long-time  patron.  One  of  the
preeminent  taxonomic botanists of the early nineteenth century,
Brown had been an exceptionally industrious student of  medicine
and  botany  as  a young man in his native Scotland. Following a
period of naval service as a surgeon's mate, he was appointed in
1801 as a naturalist on the _Investigator_, a British  Admiralty
ship  preparing  to  sail  around  the world. The _Investigator_
voyage gave Brown an extensive knowledge of the  plants  of  the
southern  hemisphere,  and  he returned with specimens of nearly
4,000 species. As a leading figure in London scientific circles,
Brown played an important  role  in  the  establishment  of  the
Department  of  Botany  in  the  British  Museum,  and served as
Librarian and President of the Linnean Society.  Charles  Darwin
in his _Autobiography_ will recollect the many hours he spent in
Brown's company:

   I  saw  a  good  deal  of  Robert  Brown, "facile Princeps
   Botanicorum," as he was called by Humboldt; and  before  I
   was  married  I  used  to go and sit with him almost every
   Sunday morning. He seemed to me to be  chiefly  remarkable
   for  the  minuteness of his observations and their perfect
   accuracy. He never propounded to me any  large  scientific
   views in biology. His knowledge was extraordinarily great,
   and  much  died  with  him, owing to his excessive fear of
   ever making a mistake. He poured out his knowledge  to  me
   in  the  most unreserved manner, yet was strangely jealous
   on some points....Hooker told me that he  was  a  complete
   miser,  and  knew  himself  to be a miser, about his dried
   plants; and he would not lend specimens to Hooker, who was
   describing the plants of Tierra del Fuego,  although  well
   knowing  that  he  himself would never make any use of the
   collections from this country. On the other  hand  he  was
   capable  of  the most generous actions. When old, much out
   of health and quite  unfit  for  any  exertion,  he  daily
   visited  (as Hooker told me) an old man-servant, who lived
   at a distance and whom he supported,  and  read  aloud  to
   him.  This  is  enough to make up for any degree of scien-
   tific penuriousness or jealousy. He was  rather  given  to
   sneering  at  anyone who wrote about what he did not fully
   understand: I remember praising Whewell's _History of  the
   Inductive  Sciences_  to  him,  and  he  answered, "Yes, I
   suppose that he has read the prefaces of very many books."

Today in the Historical Sciences is a feature  of  Darwin-L,  an
international network discussion group on the history and theory
of  the  historical  sciences. Send the message INFO DARWIN-L to
listserv@ukanaix.cc.ukans.edu or connect  to  the  Darwin-L  Web
Server (http://rjohara.uncg.edu) for more information.
(BEN # 139  22-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
NEW PUBLICATION: GEOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
Orr,  E.L.  &  W.N. Orr. 1996. Geology of the Pacific Northwest.
   McGraw Hill Co., Inc.  vi+409  p.  ISBN  0-07-048018-4  [soft
   cover] Price: US$39.95.

This  book is a  large  format  publication,  filled  with  many
photographs, maps, diagrams and  drawings  and  containing  long
chapters on British Columbia, Washington and Oregon.
(BEN # 139  22-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
CATKIN-BEARING PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA - REVISED EDITION

Brayshaw, T. C. 1996. Catkin-bearing plants of British Columbia.
   Royal  British Columbia Museum, Victoria. 213 p. ISBN 0-7718-
   9458-9 [soft cover] Price CDN$24.95

This is a new, updated edition of Dr. Brayshaw's 1976  treatment
of  Salix,  Populus,  Betula  etc.  in British Columbia. Several
species new to British Columbia were added and the  distribution
maps  were updated to include collections up to 1989. The publi-
cation can be ordered from (Visa & Mastercard accepted):

   Royal Museum Gift Shop
   675 Belleville Street
   Victoria, B.C.
   Canada V8V 1X4
   Tel: 604-356-0505
   Fax: 604-356-8197

(BEN # 139  22-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
FERNS ON THE INTERNET
From: Fiddlehead Forum 23(2), March-April 1996

The American Fern Society now has a homepage  on  the  worldwide
web! The page is at http://www.visuallink.com/fern

Also,

Pteridonet  is a new on-line listserve dedicated to the topic of
ferns. To subscribe send a message

   subscribe Pteridonet Your full name

to

   listproc@gac.edu


(BEN # 139  22-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
ADOLF CESKA: I HAVE MOVED AGAIN

In November 1995, I lost my job of a botany curator in the Royal
British Columbia Museum, due to the downsizing that  took  place
in  the British Columbia Ministry of Small Business, Tourism and
Culture. From December 1995 to April 1996 I worked in  the  B.C.
Ministry  of  Forests  on  problems of vegetation classification
(essentially developing a new version  of  the  COENOS  computer
program)  and  on  classification  of wetland plant communities.
Since May 1996 I have been working as an Ecologist in  the  Con-
servation  Data  Centre, B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and
Parks. My responsibility is vegetation classification and  iden-
tification  of  rare  and  endangered  plant communities. My new
address is

   Adolf Ceska
   B.C. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks
   Conservation Data Centre
   780 Blanshard Street
   Victoria, B.C.
   Canada V8V 1X4

   Phone: 604-356-7855 (work), 604-477-1211 (home)
     Fax: 604-387-2733

My private address is:
Adolf Ceska, P.O.Box 8546, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 3S2

I would  like  to thank  all the BEN readers for  their  support
and  encouragement  (please, send me more news and contributions
to post on BEN !). I would like to  stress  that  BEN  does  not
reflect official positions of my employers. Nevertheless, if you
know about some "rare and endangered" vegetation or ecosystem in
British Columbia that should get into the official mill, please,
let me know. Many thanks again.
(BEN # 139  22-June-1996)
------------------------------------------
VOUCHER SPECIMENS - FROM THE DISCUSSION ON TAXACOM [BEN # 131]

From: John Nelson <NELSON@CLS.BIOL.SC.EDU>

Steve Boyd (RSA) wrote:

"Here  at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Herbarium we are often
hitting the graduate students with the phrase 'NO VOUCHER  -  NO
DATA'.  I  first  heard Brian Boom utter these words at the BRIT
symposium several years ago and it really hit home. I hope  that
if our grad students hear these sacred words enough, the concept
will  sink in and they will become advocates of collections when
they move on in their careers."

To further this thread, I'm pleased to say  that  the  Editorial
Committee  of  CASTANEA  has adopted a policy of strongly recom-
mending that any manuscripts submitted for publication,  whether
floristic  or  not,  involve  serious vouchering of all material
involved. This will soon be a written policy.
(BEN # 140  29-July-1996)
------------------------------------------
VIRTUAL HERBARIUM PROPOSAL REJECTED [BEN # 134]
From: Mary Barkworth <stipoid@cc.usu.edu> originally on
     <HERB-L@IDBSU.IDBSU.EDU>

Not altogether unexpectedly, the proposal that Stephen Clyde and
I submitted to NSF  for  initiating  development  of  a  Virtual
Herbarium  was  rejected.  We have not yet been sent the reasons
why, but we would like starting  on  a  new  proposal,  possibly
heading  to  another  branch of NSF or another source of funding
altogether, but do so in the manner we wish to continue -  as  a
collaborative  project  involving  several  different  herbaria.
Because it really helps to be able to meet and  talk  with  col-
laborators,  we are suggesting a Northwestern focus (Logan is in
the northern portion of Utah). Both Steve and I will be present-
ing papers on the concept at AIBS this year - they are scheduled
for Tuesday, 8.45 and 9 a.m, respectively in ,  Kane  Hall  210,
and  the  AIBS  has  also  set  aside a room - HUB 20.4N - for a
meeting that afternoon for anyone  interested  in  pursuing  the
idea.  We  would  particularly  like  to  meet  with people from
northwestern herbaria, but the meeting is open to anyone. As you
may gather, we think the idea is really worth pursuing.  I  hope
that  we  will  have  the reviewers' comments in hand before the
AIBS meetings so that we know what issues have to be addressed -
but in any case, we want to meet.
(BEN # 140  29-July-1996)
------------------------------------------
TABLES OF CONTENTS FOR ELSEVIER JOURNALS
From: "(Ed Rykiel)" <ej_rykiel@ccmail.pnl.gov>
  originally posted on ECOLOG-L <ECOLOG-L@UMDD.UMD.EDU>

Tables of Contents for Elsevier journals can be found at

   http://www.elsevier.nl/cas/estoc/Menu.html

The list includes Ecological  Modelling,  Ecological  Economics,
Ecological  Engineering,  and  Trends  in  Ecology and Evolution
among many others.
(BEN # 140  29-July-1996)
------------------------------------------
NEW LICHENOLOGICAL KEYS FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
From: Toby Spribille
  </S=T.SPRIBILLE/OU1=R01F14D03A@mhs-fswa.attmail.com>

McCune, B. & Trevor Goward 1995. Macrolichens  of  the  Northern
   Rocky  Mountains.  Mad  River  Press, Inc. v + 208 p. ISBN 0-
   916422-82-8 [soft cover] Price US$24.95

This is a welcome addition to lichenological literature  in  the
interior  Pacific  Northwest.  Here we have a set of very usable
keys which take in all of the non-crustose lichen species  found
in  the interior Columbia River basin. The authors avoided crus-
tose species but include those species  which  have  foliose  or
squamulose  margins.  Our  experience  with the book in a lichen
workshop this spring is that it is a very helpful and  indispen-
sable  reference which will fill a void in the libraries of many
naturalists.

The format of the book  is  reminiscent  of  Poelt's  monumental
Bestimmungsschlussel europaischer Flechten, in that the emphasis
in  on providing keys and not extensive remarks on each species'
ecology and distribution. Most of the taxonomy  is  very  up-to-
date.  The  keys  to  several  genera are original and much more
useful than those which have been available to date.  An  excel-
lent  introduction  explains lichen structure and biology, their
chemistry, ecology, and  their  relation  to  other  cryptogams.
Illustrations  of  important  characters are sprinkled liberally
throughout and are conveniently located along side the keys.

Lichenologists who were wearied by the proliferation  of  (often
`cute')  common  names  in  the  authors'  1995 work (Lichens of
British Columbia, Part 1) will be pleased  to  see  that  not  a
single common name is provided.
(BEN # 140  29-July-1996)
------------------------------------------
HIKING THE ANCIENT FORESTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AND WASHINGTON

Stoltmann, R. 1996. Hiking the ancient forests of British Colum-
   bia  and  Washington.  Lone  Pine Publishing, Edmonton - Van-
   couver. 191 p. ISBN 1-55105-045-5 [soft cover] Price US$15.95
   (CND$19.95)

Author Randy  Stoltmann  died  in  the  mountaineering  accident
shortly after the completion of the manuscript of this book [BEN
#  76].  The  book describes thirty hikes through the old growth
forests of British Columbia (Lower Mainland  and  Vancouver  Is-
land)  and  Northwest Washington (North Cascades, Mount Rainier,
and Olympic Peninsula).  The  hikes  range  from  short,  easily
accessible  walks and dayhikes to overnight backpacking trips in
remote wilderness areas.  Detailed  trail  descriptions  include
record  trees,  status  of trails, photos and maps, and notes on
nature and forest ecology.
(BEN # 140  29-July-1996)
------------------------------------------